International Men's Day: The essential role of male factor in IVF

November 19th marks International Men's Day—a vital moment to focus on men’s health and well-being. While discussions often center on general health, we must also shine a spotlight on a critical yet often overlooked aspect: male factor infertility.

The journey to parenthood is a shared one, and science clearly shows that fertility challenges are not solely a female issue.

The numbers speak: A shared responsibility

Infertility affects approximately 1 in 6 couples globally. For many, the male partner plays a significant role:

• Male factor is the primary cause in about 30% of infertility cases.
• It is a contributing factor in up to 50% of all cases when combined with female factors.

This isn't a minor variable; it's an equal part of the equation. Understanding the core issues is the first step toward effective treatment.

What is male factor infertility?

Male factor infertility is most commonly related to problems with the sperm, which are assessed using a semen analysis. These issues typically fall into three main categories:

1. Sperm Count (Oligospermia): Having a low concentration of sperm in the ejaculate.
2. Sperm Motility (Asthenozoospermia): The sperm's ability to move or "swim" effectively. Poor motility means the sperm struggle to reach and fertilize the egg.
3. Sperm Morphology (Teratozoospermia): The shape and structure of the sperm. Abnormally shaped sperm may have difficulty penetrating the egg.
4. Azoospermia: The complete absence of sperm in the ejaculate, which can be due to production issues or a blockage.

While congenital conditions, infections, and structural issues like varicocele (swollen veins in the scrotum) can be underlying causes, it is essential to recognize the role of everyday choices.

The power of lifestyle: What men can control

Sperm take about three months to mature, offering a crucial window for positive change. Research confirms that lifestyle choices directly impact sperm health and DNA integrity—factors critical for a successful pregnancy and healthy baby.

• Quit smoking and limit alcohol: Both tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption have been consistently linked to reduced sperm count, motility, and increased DNA damage.
• Maintain a healthy weight: Obesity can disrupt hormone balance (lowering testosterone and increasing estrogen), negatively affecting sperm production and quality.
• Eat for fertility: A diet rich in antioxidants (found in fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains) helps protect sperm from oxidative stress and damage.
• Reduce heat exposure: Sperm thrive at a temperature slightly lower than body temperature. Avoid prolonged exposure to saunas, hot tubs, or keeping a laptop directly on your lap.
• Manage stress: Chronic stress can affect hormone levels essential for sperm production.

Modern solutions in IVF

Thanks to advancements in Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), even severe male factor infertility can be successfully treated.

The most common and highly effective treatment is Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI). Unlike standard IVF, where multiple sperm surround the egg in a dish, ICSI involves a fertility specialist selecting a single, healthy sperm and injecting it directly into the egg.

For cases of azoospermia (no sperm in the ejaculate), techniques like Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE) or Micro-TESE allow us to surgically retrieve sperm directly from the testicle for use with ICSI. These procedures have opened the door to biological fatherhood for many men who previously had no options.

International Men's Day is the perfect time to prioritize reproductive health. If you and your partner have been trying to conceive for 12 months (or 6 months if the female partner is over 35), it is vital that the male partner undergoes a comprehensive evaluation, starting with a simple semen analysis.

Your health matters, and your contribution to the family journey is essential.

If you are concerned about your fertility, or if previous attempts have been unsuccessful due to male factor issues, our experienced team at Newlife IVF Greece is here to provide discreet, compassionate, and scientifically-backed guidance.

Schedule an initial free medical consultation for a confidential male fertility assessment and discuss the best path forward for your family!